![]() These harms extended to spouses and children where participants had been encouraged to marry. ![]() These harms were marked and enduring for those participants who had been exposed to formal practices over a longer timeframe to the extent that some had not resolved some of the issues at the time of interview. If there are longer term consequence of such practices.įor both the survey and interview participants there were both short and long term harmful consequences for those exposed. Individuals who identified as intersex and trans or non-binary were also exposed to conversion practices. Individuals with minority sexual orientation and minority gender identity were exposed to conversion practices in this study. Who is subjected to conversion practices? Five of the seven trans participants indicated that they did not provide consent. ![]() In the survey, the majority of the participants stated that they did not provide consent and in some cases there were indications that it was provided against the participants will. The five gay men who were interviewed were clear that they voluntarily accessed and sourced SOCE themselves although this needs to be taken in the context of the internal, religious and societal pressures that encouraged them to seek conversion therapy in the first place. One participant who identified as trans and intersex argued that the surgery that she had to assign gender when she was born was a form of conversion therapy. In the context of SOCE the findings suggest that a combination of cognitive, behavioral, psychoanalytical and religious/spiritual methods are used which focus on reducing same sexual behavior.Ĭorresponding increases in heterosexual behavior were signifiers of 'success.' In terms of GICE, the findings suggest that similar strategies are used although interactions with therapists who created barriers to gender affirming care or closed down discussions about gender identity were interpreted as a form of conversion therapy. The participants in this study used the term conversion therapy to describe their experiences and generally meant it as religious or professional attempts to change or modify minority sexual orientation or gender identity. Within the research literature there are moves to use the terms Sexual Orientation Change Efforts and Gender Identity Changes Efforts often combined as SOGICE. Given the aims and objectives of the research, data were collected from a review of the literature, a survey administered to the LGBTI+ community and in-depth individual interviews with individuals who experienced conversion practices.įindings Definition of conversion therapy
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